Atom and Molecule
| Feature | Atom | Molecule |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element. | A group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. |
| Composition | Consists of a nucleus (protons and neutrons) surrounded by electrons. | Composed of multiple atoms, which can be of the same or different elements. |
| Existence | Can exist independently or in combination with other atoms. | Exists as a stable unit due to chemical bonds. |
| Examples | Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Carbon (C) | Water (H₂O), Carbon dioxide (CO₂), Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) |
Compound and Mixture
| Feature | Compound | Mixture |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in a fixed ratio. | A combination of two or more substances that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined. |
| Composition | Elements are present in a definite proportion and are chemically bonded. | Components retain their individual properties and can be present in varying proportions. |
| Separation | Can be separated into its constituent elements only by chemical methods. | Components can be separated by physical methods like filtration, distillation, etc. |
| Properties | The properties of a compound are different from the properties of its constituent elements. | The properties of a mixture are a combination of the properties of its components. |
| Examples | Water (H₂O), Salt (NaCl), Sugar (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) | Air, Sand and water, Saltwater |
In summary:
- Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter.
- Molecules are formed when atoms combine chemically.
- Compounds are specific types of molecules where different elements combine in a fixed ratio.
- Mixtures are combinations of substances where the components retain their individual properties.
I hope this clarifies the differences!
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